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Learn Latin from Scratch

Learn Latin from Scratch following the traditional grammar-translation method: all the grammar and exercises you need, step by step!

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Latin from scratch course › #1: Our first translation from Latin › #1.0: Quick start

Latin from scratch #1.0: Quick start

In the zeroth class of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll begin the course by cutting right to the chase: we’ll learn only the absolutely fundamental grammar that we need before starting right away with the analysis-translation of Latin sentences and reading basic Latin texts.

I explain everything in the following video (⏳ 28m 39s ⌛):

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Contents

  • Classical pronunciation
  • Cases and their syntax
  • The first declension
  • The active indicative present tense
  • We start practicing!

So, this quick start lesson includes the essential theory. After undestanding, studying and learning this zeroth class, you will be able to analyze, translate and/or read basic Latin texts.

Classical pronunciation

In this course we’ll be using the so-called pronuntiatio restituta, which is the pronunciation that linguists have reconstructed because, according to linguistic research and data, is the one considered to have been used in the Latin of Julius Caesar, Cicero, etc.

For an English-speaking person, the most important aspects you need to know so far are the following:

  • Vowels are pure vowels: A, E, I, O, U
  • C is always [k]
  • G is always [g]
  • In the group GU + vowel, U is always pronounced
  • In the group QU + vowel, U is always pronounced
  • V is pronounced [w]

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There are only three diphthongs, ae, oe, au, and they are pronounced as such.

Cases and their syntax

One of the most shocking features of Latin, if we compare it to English or Spanish, is the existence of six cases in nominal morphology: depending on the syntactic function of a word within the sentence, the noun, adjective or pronoun will have different endings.

English kind of has some remnants of this. Consider the following:

  • Who is your friend? He is my friend.
  • Whom did you see? I saw him.
  • Whose book is this? This book is his, John‘s.

But let’s look into Latin itself:

Canis puellam mordet.

Canem puella mordet.

Each case has several syntactic functions. The most important theory you need to know for now is as follows:

  • Nominative: subject and attribute.
  • Vocative: appellative function, getting the attention of someone else.
  • Accusative: direct object (no preposition); adverbials (according to the preposition).
  • Genitive: complement of a noun or an adjective.
  • Dative: indirect object.
  • Ablative: adverbials (according to the preposition or lack thereof).

(No idea about syntax, or yours is completely rusty? Refresh here!).

Theory without practice is absolutely useless. With a one-time payment you'll have the full course forever, with all the theory explained in video and dozens of hours of practice analyzed and explained step by step by me on the screen. Join the Latin from scratch course! ⚡

The first declension

nom. sg.dominănom. pl.dominae
voc. sg.dominăvoc. pl.dominae
ac. sg.dominămac. pl.dominās
gen. sg.dominaegen. pl.dominārum
dat. sg.dominaedat. pl.dominīs
ab. sg.domināab. pl.dominīs

You have to learn the table. There you have the six cases in singular (left) and in plural (right). The part underlined is the ending of each case, which will be used in all the other words belonging to the first declension (e.g. rosa, rosae; puella, puellae; regina, reginae…).

The ending is the part which reveals the case(s) of a word. As we already know, according to the case, the word will have a specific syntactic function.

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The active indicative present tense

This is the most basic tense. If you know Spanish, you’ll see that it is quite similar. At first, we only need to know the basics to recognize the person and the number of a verb (we don’t have to know how to conjugate verbs).

These are the endings:

  • -o
  • -s
  • -t
  • -mus
  • -tis
  • -nt

So for example the verb to love is as follows:

amo
amas
amat
amamus
amatis
amant

Theory without practice is absolutely useless. With a one-time payment you'll have the full course forever, with all the theory explained in video and dozens of hours of practice analyzed and explained step by step by me on the screen. Join the Latin from scratch course! ⚡

The verb sum ‘to be, to exist…’ is irregular, so you just have to learn it by heart every time that we learn a new tense. This is the present indicative:

sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt

We start practicing!

This is all the theory we need to start analyzing and translating our first sentences. Go directly here and follow the instructions (written and on videos).

Before or after the sentences, you can try and read (no analysis-translation) the first chapters of Maxey and Fay. According to what you’ve just learned in this class, try to notice the grammatical features you already know. Everything will start clicking in your head!

Once you’ve finished the texts in the first module so you know if/that Latin is for you and that you want to spend time and enjoy it, then, yes, you should go for the rest of the classes of the first module before going on to the second module.

Paco Álvarez

About Paco Álvarez

I’m Paco Álvarez, a Spanish classical philologist. For years I’ve been teaching Latin and Greek online to Spanish students. When I saw there was nothing like my AcademiaLatin.com for English-speaking Latin lovers, I decided to create it myself, and that’s how LatinFromScratch.com was born.

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Course content

  1. Quick start
  2. Introduction
  3. Cases and their functions
  4. The five declensions
  5. First declension
  6. Verbal conjugation
  7. Present tense
  8. Second declension
  9. 2-1-2 adjectives
  10. Imperfect past tense
  11. Future tense
  12. Third declension nouns
  13. Third declension adjectives
  14. Perfect past tense
  15. Adverbials of place
  16. Fourth declension
  17. Fifth declension
  18. Pluperfect tense
  19. Possessives
  20. Personal pronouns
  21. Apposition
  22. Predicative complement
  23. Present subjunctive
  24. Imperfect subjunctive
  25. Perfect subjunctive
  26. Perfect future indicative
  27. Pluperfect subjunctive
  28. Syntax of cum
  29. Syntax of ut & ne
  30. Comparison of adjectives
  31. Superlative adjectives
  32. Adverbs from adjectives
  33. Demonstratives
  34. Relative clauses
  35. Passive voice
  36. Deponent verbs
  37. Relative time
  38. Participles: morphology
  39. Participles: syntax
  40. Infinitives
  41. Compounds of sum
  42. Irregular verbs
  43. Imperative

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