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Latin from scratch course › #11: Subjunctive › #11.25: Perfect future indicative

Latin from scratch #11.25: The active indicative perfect future tense

In the twenty-fifth class of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll study the last indicative mood tense: the perfect future. This tense might be the most uncommon one. Probably the most important part is learning how to tell the difference between perfect future and perfect subjunctive.

I explain everything in the following video (⏳ 07m 27s ⌛):

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Morphology of the Latin future perfect indicative

Of course, it’s almost the same as with the perfect subjunctive.

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  1. perfect stem
  2. perfect future indicative morpheme ĕr/ĕrĭ (see below)
  3. active endings

The morpheme is…

  • ĕr for the 1st person singular
  • ĕrĭ for the rest

The result is the following table:

1st conjugation2nd conjugation3rd conjugationmixed conjugation4th conjugation
amavero
amaveris
amaverit
amaverimus
amaveritis
amaverint
monuero
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
duxero
duxeris
duxerit
duxerimus
duxeritis
duxerint
cepero
ceperis
ceperit
ceperimus
ceperitis
ceperint
audivero
audiveris
audiverit
audiverimus
audiveritis
audiverint

Perfect future indicative of the verb sum

Once again, nothing we don’t know already.

fuero
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
fuerint

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Perfect subjunctive or perfect future indicative?

We already know that these two tenses are almost identical, so how can we know what we have in a specific text?

The key is the context: the perfect future is rarely used, and it only appears when there is a simple future in a related sentence.

Now let’s finish with the last subjunctive mood tense.

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Next: The active indicative perfect future tense →

Paco Álvarez

About Paco Álvarez

I’m Paco Álvarez, a Spanish classical philologist. For years I’ve been teaching Latin and Greek online to Spanish students. When I saw there was nothing like my AcademiaLatin.com for English-speaking Latin lovers, I decided to create it myself, and that’s how LatinFromScratch.com was born.

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Course content

  1. Quick start
  2. Introduction
  3. Cases and their functions
  4. The five declensions
  5. First declension
  6. Verbal conjugation
  7. Present tense
  8. Second declension
  9. 2-1-2 adjectives
  10. Imperfect past tense
  11. Future tense
  12. Third declension nouns
  13. Third declension adjectives
  14. Perfect past tense
  15. Adverbials of place
  16. Fourth declension
  17. Fifth declension
  18. Pluperfect tense
  19. Possessives
  20. Personal pronouns
  21. Apposition
  22. Predicative complement
  23. Present subjunctive
  24. Imperfect subjunctive
  25. Perfect subjunctive
  26. Perfect future indicative
  27. Pluperfect subjunctive
  28. Syntax of cum
  29. Syntax of ut & ne
  30. Comparison of adjectives
  31. Superlative adjectives
  32. Adverbs from adjectives
  33. Demonstratives
  34. Relative clauses
  35. Passive voice
  36. Deponent verbs
  37. Relative time
  38. Participles: morphology
  39. Participles: syntax
  40. Infinitives
  41. Compounds of sum
  42. Irregular verbs
  43. Imperative

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