In the twenty-fifth class of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll study the last indicative mood tense: the perfect future. This tense might be the most uncommon one. Probably the most important part is learning how to tell the difference between perfect future and perfect subjunctive.
I explain everything in the following video (⏳ 07m 27s ⌛):
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Morphology of the Latin future perfect indicative
Of course, it’s almost the same as with the perfect subjunctive.
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- perfect stem
- perfect future indicative morpheme ĕr/ĕrĭ (see below)
- active endings
The morpheme is…
- ĕr for the 1st person singular
- ĕrĭ for the rest
The result is the following table:
| 1st conjugation | 2nd conjugation | 3rd conjugation | mixed conjugation | 4th conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| amavero amaveris amaverit amaverimus amaveritis amaverint | monuero monueris monuerit monuerimus monueritis monuerint | duxero duxeris duxerit duxerimus duxeritis duxerint | cepero ceperis ceperit ceperimus ceperitis ceperint | audivero audiveris audiverit audiverimus audiveritis audiverint |
Perfect future indicative of the verb sum
Once again, nothing we don’t know already.
fuero
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
fuerint
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Perfect subjunctive or perfect future indicative?
We already know that these two tenses are almost identical, so how can we know what we have in a specific text?
The key is the context: the perfect future is rarely used, and it only appears when there is a simple future in a related sentence.
Now let’s finish with the last subjunctive mood tense.
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