In the seventh module of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll learn the last declensions, the fourth and the fifth, quite easy and without adjectives. After that, we’ll practice with some sentences and a fragment about the Trojan War.
Class on the fourth and fifth declensions
- The fourth declension (05m 26s)
- The fifth declension (04m 38s)
Practice: morphosyntactic analysis and translation (7)
On this occasion we will translate a few simple sentences and an adapted fragment from chapter XXIX in Julia by Reed.
Exercitus noster cum hostium peditatu pugnabit.
Senatus magnos honores exercitui post reditum in urbem dabit.
Omnium rerum principia parva sunt et erunt.
Milites exercitus Romani magnam spem habebant.
Rerum species saepe fallaces sunt.
Agamemnon ira terribili, «Perfidus est Paris», exclamavit, «et perfidum est Troianum genus! Totos Graecorum regum exercitus ad oram maritimam convocabo; equitatum peditatumque in naves imponemus et terra marique Troiam oppugnabimus». Agamemnon igitur cum exercituum copiis in portum coiit. Multi equites peditesque ad portum convenerunt, sed venti adversi naves in portu diu retinebant. Numerus dierum accrescebat et Graeci spem non habebant. Res terribiles fient…
Here you have the statements of the words appearing in the translation for this module. It is important for you to learn the vocabulary. To compel you to do so, I won’t usually repeat words from previous modules.
For the sentences:
- exercitus, exercitus — army
- noster, nostra, nostrum — our
- peditatus, peditatus — infantry
- senatus, senatus — senate
- honos/honor, honoris — honor
- post — after
- reditus, reditus — return
- urbs, urbis — city
- res, rei — thing
- principium, principii — principle, origin
- spes, spei — hope
- dies, diei — day
- species, speciei — appearance
- saepe — often
- fallax, fallacis — deceitful, misleading
- equitatus, equitatus — cavalry
For the text:
- Agamemnon, Agamemnonis — Agamemnon (Greek king)
- ira, irae — rage
- terribilis, terribile — terrible
- perfidus, perfida, perfidum — treacherous
- Paris, Paridis — Paris (Trojan prince)
- exclamo, exclamare, exclamavi, exclamatum — exclaim, cry out
- convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatum — summon, call
- equitatus, equitatus — cavalry
- peditatus, peditatus — infantry
- impono, imponere, imposui, impositum — put
- copiae, copiarum — troops
- portus, portus — port
- coeo, coire, coii, coitum — gather, get together
- eques, equitis — horseman
- pedes, peditis — foot soldier
- convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum — gather, come to the same place
- ventus, venti — wind
- adversus, adversa, adversum — adverse, unfavorable
- navis, navis — ship
- diu — for a long time
- retineo, retinere, retinui, retentum — retain
- numerus, numeri — number, amount
- accresco, accrescere, accrevi, accretum — grow
- fio, fieri, factus sum, factum — happen
Review of the translations
Once you have finished with the analysis and translations, now it’s time to review them on the screen.
⚠️ Even if you think you’ve done everything correctly, it is very important for you to always check the review, since that’s where we actually practice and check what we have learned. You’ve already seen that the analysis-translation process is quite systematic and strict at first, precisely so we can absorb everything we’re doing.
In the following video (⏳ 11m 11s ⌛) I analyze and translate the sentences:
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And now the text (⏳ 12m 57s ⌛):
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In the next module we’ll learn the pluperfect past tense.
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