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Latin from scratch course › #14: Degrees of adjectives and adverbs › #14.31: Adverbs of manner

Latin from scratch #14.31: Adverbs of manner from adjectives

In the thirty-first class of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll study the formation of adverbs of manner from adjectives, and their own comparative and superlative degrees.

Contents

  • Positive degree
  • Comparative degree
  • Superlative degree

I explain everything in the following video (⏳ 03m 28s ⌛):

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Positive degree

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In English we can form adverbs of manner by adding the suffix ‑ly to an adjective (e.g. quick → quickly). In Latin there are two suffixes, depending on the type of the adjective.

2-1-2 adjectives use the suffix ‑e:

  • altus, alta, altum → alte
  • miser, misera, miserum → misere

3rd declension adjectives use the suffix ‑(i)ter:

  • fortis, forte → fortiter
  • celer, celeris, celere → celeriter

Comparative degree

To the original stem of the adjective (not the adverb with its suffix), we add the suffix ‑ius:

  • altus, alta, altum → altius
  • miser, misera, miserum → miserius
  • fortis, forte → fortius
  • celer, celeris, celere → celerius

As we can see, it looks like the nominative-accusative of the comparative adjective.

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Superlative degree

For the superlative degree we use the suffix ‑e, but not on top of the original stem of the adjective, but on top of the superlative suffix.

Said in an easier way, the result is one of ‑issime, ‑rime or ‑lime:

  • altissime
  • miserrime
  • facillime

Now that we know everything about the degrees of adjectives and adverbs, let’s put all of this into practice.

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Next: Adverbs of manner from adjectives →

Paco Álvarez

About Paco Álvarez

I’m Paco Álvarez, a Spanish classical philologist. For years I’ve been teaching Latin and Greek online to Spanish students. When I saw there was nothing like my AcademiaLatin.com for English-speaking Latin lovers, I decided to create it myself, and that’s how LatinFromScratch.com was born.

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Course content

  1. Quick start
  2. Introduction
  3. Cases and their functions
  4. The five declensions
  5. First declension
  6. Verbal conjugation
  7. Present tense
  8. Second declension
  9. 2-1-2 adjectives
  10. Imperfect past tense
  11. Future tense
  12. Third declension nouns
  13. Third declension adjectives
  14. Perfect past tense
  15. Adverbials of place
  16. Fourth declension
  17. Fifth declension
  18. Pluperfect tense
  19. Possessives
  20. Personal pronouns
  21. Apposition
  22. Predicative complement
  23. Present subjunctive
  24. Imperfect subjunctive
  25. Perfect subjunctive
  26. Perfect future indicative
  27. Pluperfect subjunctive
  28. Syntax of cum
  29. Syntax of ut & ne
  30. Comparison of adjectives
  31. Superlative adjectives
  32. Adverbs from adjectives
  33. Demonstratives
  34. Relative clauses
  35. Passive voice
  36. Deponent verbs
  37. Relative time
  38. Participles: morphology
  39. Participles: syntax
  40. Infinitives
  41. Compounds of sum
  42. Irregular verbs
  43. Imperative

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