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Latin from scratch course › #12: CUM

Latin from scratch #12: Dealing with the word CUM

In the twelfth module of the Latin from Scratch course, we’ll learn about the word cum, which in Latin has several meanings and syntactic functions depending on some factors.

Class on the word cum

  1. Syntax of cum (15m 07s)

Practice: morphosyntactic analysis and translation (12)

For this module we have a number of sentences to practice with the different meanings of cum.

Cum vita sine amicis metus plena sit, ratio monet comparare amicitias.

Cum Caesar in Gallia esset, tamen Haeduorum legati non venerunt.

C. Marius, cum omnes portus terrasque fugeret, in Africam pervenit.

Romulus cum sociis, cum uxores non haberent, mulieres Sabinas rapuerunt.

Sequanis cum sua sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem Haeduum mittunt.

Leonidas cum victoriam non speraret, tamen usque ad mortem pugnavit.

Cum omnes gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus erat.

Cum multa meri pocula Cyclops avide exhausisset, humi recubuit et mox obdormiscivit.

Caesarem, cum ad curiam dictator venisset, tribus et viginti vulneribus Brutus cum coniuratis occidit.

Cum aquilifer contionem voce magna dixisset, se ex navi proiecit atque in hostes aquilam tulit. Tum aliqui militum ex navi desiluerunt. Alii, cum primos ex proximis navibus conspexissent, hostibus adpropinquaverunt.

Here you have the statements of the words appearing in the translation for this module. It is important for you to learn the vocabulary. To compel you to do so, I won’t usually repeat words from previous modules.

For the sentences:

  • metus, metus — fear
  • plenus, plena, plenum — full
  • ratio, rationis — reason
  • comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatum — acquire, get
  • amicitia, amicitiae — friendship
  • Haedui, Haeduorum — Haedui (Gallic tribe)
  • portus, portus — port
  • fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum — flee
  • pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventum — arrive
  • socius, socii — ally
  • uxor, uxoris — wife
  • Sabinus, Sabina, Sabinum — Sabine (Italic people)
  • rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum — kidnap
  • Sequani, Sequanorum — Sequani (Gallic tribe)
  • sua sponte — on their own initiative
  • persuadere — translate as “persuade”
  • Dumnorix, Dumnorigis — Dumnorix (leader of the Haedui)
  • Leonidas — Leonidas (nominative of Leonidas, Leonidae)
  • usque ad — until, up to
  • anteeo, anteire, antei(v)i, – — be ahead, surpass
  • carus, cara, carum — dear, appreciated
  • merum, meri — pure wine
  • poculum, poculi — glass
  • Cyclops, Cyclopis — cyclops
  • avide — eagerly
  • exhaurio, exhaurire, exhausi, exhaustum — drink up
  • recumbo, recumbere, recubui, – — lie down
  • mox — right away
  • obdormisco, obdormiscere, obdormivi, obdormitum — fall asleep
  • curia, curiae — curia, court, senate house
  • dictator, dictatoris — dictator
  • tribus et viginti — twenty three
  • Brutus, Bruti — Brutus (Roman politician)
  • coniuratus, coniurati — conspirator
  • aquilifer, aquiliferis — standard-bearer (officer who carried the eagle standard of a legion)
  • contio, contionis — pep talk
  • se — himself
  • proicio, proicere, proieci, proiectum — throw
  • tulit, from fero, ferre, tuli, latum — bear
  • aliqui, nominative plural masculine from aliquis, aliqua, aliquid — some
  • desilio, desilire, desilui, desultum — leap down
  • alius, alia, aliud — the other
  • proximus, proxima, proximum — near
  • conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectum — observe
  • adpropinquo, adpropinquare, adpropinquavi, adpropinquatum — approach (+ dative)

Review of the translations

Once you have finished with the analysis and translations, now it’s time to review them on the screen.

⚠️ Even if you think you’ve done everything correctly, it is very important for you to always check the review, since that’s where we actually practice and check what we have learned. You’ve already seen that the analysis-translation process is quite systematic and strict at first, precisely so we can absorb everything we’re doing.

In the following video (⏳ 38m 28s ⌛) I analyze and translate the sentences:

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In the next module we’ll learn about another tricky word: ut (and ne).

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Paco Álvarez

About Paco Álvarez

I’m Paco Álvarez, a Spanish classical philologist. For years I’ve been teaching Latin and Greek online to Spanish students. When I saw there was nothing like my AcademiaLatin.com for English-speaking Latin lovers, I decided to create it myself, and that’s how LatinFromScratch.com was born.

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Course content

  1. Quick start
  2. Introduction
  3. Cases and their functions
  4. The five declensions
  5. First declension
  6. Verbal conjugation
  7. Present tense
  8. Second declension
  9. 2-1-2 adjectives
  10. Imperfect past tense
  11. Future tense
  12. Third declension nouns
  13. Third declension adjectives
  14. Perfect past tense
  15. Adverbials of place
  16. Fourth declension
  17. Fifth declension
  18. Pluperfect tense
  19. Possessives
  20. Personal pronouns
  21. Apposition
  22. Predicative complement
  23. Present subjunctive
  24. Imperfect subjunctive
  25. Perfect subjunctive
  26. Perfect future indicative
  27. Pluperfect subjunctive
  28. Syntax of cum
  29. Syntax of ut & ne
  30. Comparison of adjectives
  31. Superlative adjectives
  32. Adverbs from adjectives
  33. Demonstratives
  34. Relative clauses
  35. Passive voice
  36. Deponent verbs
  37. Relative time
  38. Participles: morphology
  39. Participles: syntax
  40. Infinitives
  41. Compounds of sum
  42. Irregular verbs
  43. Imperative

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